As a web application developer, you are probably quite familiar with the <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/building-front-end-applications-with-react">Front-end</a> &ndash; Back end (Client &ndash; Server) model. In this model, Front-end is installed on the client side, Back end is installed on the server.
The picture below is the traditional model that is still commonly used:
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="../../../../uploads/traditional_model_frontend_backend_5d857a81d7.png" alt="traditional-model-frontend-backend.png" width="638" height="390">
<figcaption>Traditional Technical Architecture (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
With the above architectural model, when deploying, the developer needs to set up a server including a Web server and a database server, which can lead to the following limitations:
<ul>
<li dir="ltr">Difficulty in deploying and setting up the server.</li>
<li dir="ltr">Expensive server maintenance costs.</li>
</ul>
However, today as cloud computing services develop, there is a new approach to solve the above problem: using Serverless architecture.
<h2 dir="ltr">What is Serverless?</h2>
In the client-server model, you need to rent or buy a server to deploy your application. But for Serverless computing, you will not need to care about this. Just register the service with the provider, they will provide and manage resources for you. You just need to write code and don't need to worry about deployment or infrastructure to run the application.
Serverless has 2 main services:
Backend as Service (BaaS)
&gt;&gt; Read more about: <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/what-is-dot-net">What is .NET</a>? Empowering Cross-Platform Development
With BaaS, instead of having to write code on the backend (Java, .NET), you will use 3rd party APIs to perform logical processing on the server. There are many 3rd parties that provide this service such as Parse, Firebase and AWS Cognito... This method is quite convenient because it reduces the effort of writing backend code but has the disadvantage of being heavily dependent on 3rd parties.
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="../../../../uploads/backend_as_a_service_77a44d2295.jpg" alt="backend-as-a-service.jpg" width="682" height="290">
<figcaption>Backend as Service (BaaS) (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
Function as Service (FaaS)
In this model, you will have to write code in the backend, but instead of deploying to the server, you deploy as a function. So this way you will be more proactive in the backend and don't need to care about the server. This function will be called as RestAPI, you will pay according to the number of calls to your function.
FaaS services are quite famous because of Amazon.
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="../../../../uploads/faas_function_as_a_service_be77f747d2.jpg" alt="faas-function-as-a-service.jpg" width="791" height="383">
<figcaption>Function as Service (FaaS) (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 dir="ltr">Advantages and disadvantages of serverless</h2>
However, any system has its own strengths and weaknesses. The same goes for Serverless architecture.
<h3 dir="ltr">Advantages</h3>
Lower cost
You do not need to spend management costs on server maintenance, the service provider will charge you according to the number of function calls.
&gt;&gt; You may consider: <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/how-much-does-it-cost-to-design-an-app">How Much Does It Cost To Design an App</a>?
Scalability
Just like cloud services, when the number of requests increases, the system will automatically create additional processes when there are many requests. You do not need to invest in upgrading the server like the traditional client-server model.
More time for <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/web-design-tips">user experience</a>
Users do not need to care about building a server, just focus on coding, everything else will be taken care of by the service provider.
<h3 dir="ltr">Disadvantages</h3>
Security
To use resources effectively, service providers can install applications from many different customers on the same physical server. That poses a <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/an-in-depth-guide-to-web-application-security-for-businesses">potential security risk</a>, if your application works with important data.
Performance
Serverless does not work well for long-running applications. A request on serverless will take more time than running on a private server.
Vendor lock-in
Your application depends entirely on the service provider, so you do not have full control over your application and will have difficulty debugging.
<h2 dir="ltr">Instructions for deploying applications with Azure Functions</h2>
This section will introduce a specific case study about Serverless Architecture.
Microsoft Azure Function is quite a famous Function as a service from Microsoft, allowing to run your code on the server, supporting C#, JavaScript,...
<h3 dir="ltr">Sign up for the service</h3>
You need to register for a Microsoft account, Azure function allows developers to try the service.&nbsp;Azure functions provide several scenarios and <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/which-web-development-language-should-you-learn">programming languages</a> for developers to choose from
In this case choose Webhook + API and programming language is C# or JavaScript &rarr; Create this function. Microsoft will setup and deploy the server for you.
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="../../../../uploads/Sign_up_for_the_service_7f7f0273ed.png" alt="Sign up for the service" width="653" height="509">
<figcaption>Sign up for the service (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Create function</h3>
Click the + button to create a function.
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="../../../../uploads/Create_function_46112fb138.png" alt="Create-function.png">
<figcaption>Click the + button to create a function (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
Azure provides several languages such as C#, JavScript and a number of scenarios for you to choose from. In this case, you can choose HttpTrigger, this function is run when there is an HttpRequest
<figure class="image"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="../../../../uploads/Naming_the_function_bd61944f92.png" alt="Naming-the-function.png" width="939" height="555">
<figcaption>Naming the function (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
Naming the function GetCurrentDateTime, we will write a simple Azure function that returns the current time.
<h3 dir="ltr">Start coding</h3>
<pre class="language-csharp"><code>using System.Net;

public static async Task&lt;HttpResponseMessage&gt; Run(HttpRequestMessage req, TraceWriter log)

{

 await Task.Yield();

 log.Info("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");

 string currentTime = DateTime.Now.ToString("h:mm:ss tt");

 return currentTime == null

 ? req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Can not get current time")

: req.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, "Current Time is " + currentTime);

 }</code></pre>
Then select Get Function URL to get the link.
<figure class="image"><img src="../../../../uploads/the_request_URL_you_will_use_to_call_from_your_application_50b926e30f.png" alt="the-request-URL-you-will-use-to-call-from-your-application.png" width="1007" height="276">
<figcaption>Then select Get Function URL to get the link (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
This link is the request URL you will use to call from your application.
<figure class="image"><img src="../../../../uploads/the_request_URL_you_will_use_to_call_from_your_application_813b2a03b5.png" alt="the request URL you will use to call from your application">
<figcaption>This link is the request URL you will use to call from your application. (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Test function</h3>
Now you can test your Azure Function. The most convenient way is to use the Chrome add-in tool PostMan.
Copy the link into PostMan and press the Send button to get the result &rarr; done
<figure class="image"><img src="../../../../uploads/Test_function_2ee2a35470.png" alt="Test-function.png">
<figcaption>Copy the link into PostMan (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h2>
Through the example above, you can see that using Serverless architecture makes deploying source code very simple and saves time. Developers only need to focus on writing code and do not need to care about setup and deployment on the server.
Although there are some limitations, Serverless will be a new technology trend in the future.
&gt;&gt;&gt; Follow and Contact <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/">Relia Software</a> for more information!

What is Azure serverless architecture? Let's discover further details about azure functions architecture diagram and azure serverless functions tutorial.&nbsp;

Serverless Architecture With Azure Functions: An In-depth Guide | Relia Software 

Serverless Architecture With Azure Functions | Relia Software

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Serverless Architecture With Azure Functions: An In-depth Guide

What if you have not just one but dozens or hundreds of services that need to be deployed? Manual deployment would be extremely time-consuming. The answer to this problem is the Docker application. Using Docker, we can easily automate deployment for all services. In the world of microservices, containers make it easier and more independent to deploy microservices. It makes microservices more self-sufficient by encapsulating them.
&gt;&gt;&nbsp;Read more:
<ul>
<li dir="ltr"><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/cloud-success-blueprint-why-go-is-a-perfect-match">Cloud Success Blueprint</a>: Why Go Is A Perfect Match?</li>
<li><a class="blog_post__BGAEF" href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/docker-network">Docker Networking Fundamentals: Types, Working and Usage</a></li>
<li dir="ltr">5 <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/5-best-practices-for-enhancing-ci-cd-pipeline-security">Best Practices for Enhancing CI/CD Pipeline Security</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 dir="ltr">What are containers?</h2>
This concept seems to be a hot thing to you, doesn't it? There are many definitions of containers but the easiest way to understand it is something built on top of the operating system. It is simply understood as the virtualization of the operating system.
Speaking of containers, some programmers will wonder what is the difference between a VM and a container?&nbsp;The answer will be illustrated by the figure below:
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="../../../../uploads/comparison_virtualmachines_containers_a36220279a.png" alt="comparison-virtualmachines-containers.png" width="1136" height="612">
<figcaption>The difference between a VM and a container (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
Benefits of containers:
<ul>
<li dir="ltr">Self-containing (allows self-packaging)</li>
<li dir="ltr">Lightweight</li>
<li dir="ltr">Scalability (allows containers to be easily scaled)</li>
<li dir="ltr">Portability (allows containers to be carried and built on other systems easily)</li>
<li dir="ltr"><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/what-is-devops">DevOps</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 dir="ltr">What is Docker?</h2>
Docker is a platform that allows you to build, ship, and run containers based on the Linux kernel. Docker is supported by default for Linux platforms.
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="../../../../uploads/Basic_components_of_Docker_7077fa1e09.png" alt="Basic components of Docker" width="593" height="275">
<figcaption>Basic components of Docker (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
Basic components of Docker:
1. The Docker daemon
A docker daemon is a server component that runs on a virtual machine and is hot as a server responsible for building, running, and distributing Docker containers. The Docker client interacts with this daemon through the Rest API.
2. The Docker client
Docker client is a CLI that allows interaction with Docker daemon via socket or Rest API. The Docker client can be run on the same host as the daemon or run on a different host and connect to the daemon using the CLI.
3. The Docker image
The most important concept about Docker is the Docker image. It is a clone for the operating system libraries as well as the related applications in that OS. In the context of microservices that are built on top of Spring Boot, Docker images can be bundled in a Linux distribution such as Alpine, JRE8 and a Spring Boot microservice jar.
4. The Docker container
In simple terms it is instances of Docker images. The Docker container will use the Linux kernel and it will have its filesystem and network configurations.
5. Dockerfile
A file that contains scripts that instruct how to build a Docker image. It is basically a text file and is named Dockerfile.
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="../../../../uploads/Deploying_microservices_on_Docker_b45dc24348.jpg" alt="Deploying microservices on Docker">
<figcaption>Deploying microservices on Docker (Source: Internet)</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 dir="ltr">Deploying microservices on Docker</h2>
I assume that we have a booking application developed in microservices architecture using Spring Boot platform as shown in the diagram below:
1. Install Docker
To deploy microservices by Docker, you must install Docker from <a href="https://www.docker.com/">https://www.docker.com/ </a>and follow the instructions given during installation.
2. Prepare Dockerfile
Next step I assume that you are designing services using Spring Boot and talking through RabbitMQ. Then you need to change the application.properties to declare the configuration related to rabbitmq connection by using the IP address instead of using localhost. Why not, because localhost is not identifiable inside Docker containers. In the real application, this will be pointed by DNS or through the load balancer.
Create a docker file (filename is Dockerfile) and put in the root directory containing the source code of the microservice you will develop. This file will basically be:
server.port=8090 // Replace the IP address of your machine, not using localhost spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.0.101 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest spring.rabbitmq.password=guestFROM frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8 VOLUME /tmp ADD&nbsp; target/reservation-1.0.jar reservation.jar EXPOSE 8090 ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","/reservation.jar"]
3. Build Docker
Done with the declaration, now to build them (that is, download the JDK8 image and execute the commands in the Dockerfile), simply run the docker build command at the directory containing the Dockerfile.
$ docker build &ndash;t reservation:1.0
Here we will have 2 microservices, reservation and customer. Repeat steps 2-&gt;3 for the microservice customer.
4. Run a Docker container
Finally, they will execute a Docker container with the docker run command. This command will load the container and execute the jar file you declared in the Dockerfile.
$ docker run -p 8090:8090 -t reservation:1.0
To check if all services are started, use the command
$ docker ps
5. Run RabbitMQ
As you know, RabbitMQ is used a lot in microservices architecture. So, to setup RabbitMQ as a Docker container, the easy way to update is to get an image that is already available on Docker Hub. So you can easily use rabbitmq to talk between microservices.
6. Docker Registry
Docker Hub is the repository of Docker images. However, images can be stored in a private hub (local hub) for security reasons. We can do this easily with Docker by registering your own Docker Registry.
Create a private registry with port 3000
$ docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --restart=always --name registry registry:latest
Create tags
$ docker tag reservation:1.0 localhost:3000/reservation:1.0
Finally, push the image you want to the registry.
$ docker push localhost:3000/reservation:1.0
&gt;&gt; Read more:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/top-18-app-development-companies">Top 18 Best App Development Companies</a></li>
<li style="font-style: italic;"><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/why-is-web-development-so-important">Top Reasons Why Web Development Is So Important</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
Relia has already introduced to you about Microservices, the steps to deploy a Microservice system, as well as how to apply Docker with this architectural solution. Hopefully you will have more experience to confidently deploy in your future projects.
&gt;&gt;&gt; Follow and Contact <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/">Relia Software</a> for more information!

Discover the basic concepts of containers and some related in the context of microservices. How to manage, maintain, and deploy Docker images in production?

How To Create Containerizing Microservices With Docker? | Relia Software

Create Containerizing Microservices With Docker

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How To Create Containerizing Microservices With Docker?

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