<p>MEVN stack includes MongoDB, Express.js, Vue.js, and Node.js, which allows to interactively create full-stack applications using one programming language.</p>

A Comprehensive Guide to MEVN Stack Development | Relia Software

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MEVN Stack: A Complete Guide to Modern Web Development

<p>gRPC with Go provides a type-safe way to build distributed systems. Go's concurrency support and performance features are ideal for implementing gRPC services.</p>

A Complete Guide to Implement Golang gRPC with Example | Relia Software

A Complete Guide to Implement Golang gRPC with Example

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 A Complete Guide to Implement gRPC using Golang with Example

<p dir="ltr">As we look ahead to 2025, fast advancements in frameworks, tools, and methods will drive innovation in frontend development in particular, and web and mobile apps in general. This blog explores the popular frontend technologies and the main development trends that are changing how developers create fast, smooth digital experiences.</p>
<p dir="ltr">&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<em>Read more: </em><em>Top 10 <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/most-popular-web-development-frameworks">Most Popular Web Development Frameworks</a> in 2025</em></p>
<h2 dir="ltr">12 Popular Frontend Technologies in 2025</h2>
<p dir="ltr">Below is the frontend technologies list that tend to be more popular in 2025:</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">React</h3>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/building-front-end-applications-with-react">React.js remains the leading front-end framework</a> for creating dynamic, user-friendly web apps in 2025. Its long-lasting popularity comes from continuous updates and active community support.</p>
<p dir="ltr">This framework is popular among frontend developers because it has a large ecosystem, integrates well with TypeScript, and keeps up with <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/web-development-trends">new development trends</a> like micro frontends and component-driven design. React works on both web (React.js) and mobile (React Native) systems, so it is ideal for a wide range of projects in 2025 and beyond.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/react_e8935a5a0d.webp" alt="React" width="383" height="216">
<figcaption>React</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Vue.js</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Vue.js is valued for its simplicity, flexibility, and performance and will grow in popularity in the coming years. Recent changes to Vue 3.5 improve its TypeScript support and reactivity system, making state management easier and reducing boilerplate code.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Due to tools like Vue CLI, Vite, and Nuxt.j, Vue works smoothly with micro frontends, server-side rendering, and component-driven programming. Its lightweight design and rich ecosystem, including Vuetify and Pinia, make it suitable for scalable SPAs, PWAs, and dynamic interfaces.</p>
<figure class="image"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/Logo_Vuejs_2c01ed157a.webp" alt="Logo-Vuejs.webp" width="421" height="253">
<figcaption>Vue.js</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Angular</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Angular is still one of the best frontend technologies for building large-scale, enterprise-level apps. Its strong TypeScript ensures robust typing and easier maintenance for complex projects.&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">Angular&rsquo;s built-in tools for routing, <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/state-management-in-angular">state management</a>, and dependency injection make it a comprehensive framework that doesn&rsquo;t rely on extra libraries or complex configurations. Its scalability, robust component architecture, and enterprise-ready features like RxJS make it ideal for dynamic dashboards, SPAs, and complex web applications.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/logo_angular_6f11419a0b.webp" alt="Angular" width="434" height="217">
<figcaption>Angular</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Svelte&nbsp;</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Svelte is becoming more popular in front-end development because of its unique approach to building high-performance applications. Using a compiler to generate optimized JavaScript, Svelte reduces code size and eliminates the need for a virtual DOM, making apps faster and more efficient.</p>
<p dir="ltr">For more complex projects, SvelteKit extends Svelte with features like <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-server-side-rendering-best-practices">server-side rendering</a>, routing, and optimized code splitting. It blends reactive programming with high-performance tools to make <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/custom-web-app-development">building modern web applications</a> easier.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Svelte will remain a top choice for developers in 2025 due to its lightweight design, simple syntax, and compatibility with development trends.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/sveltelogo_a12cc0c665.webp" alt="Svelte" width="370" height="208">
<figcaption>Svelte</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Solid.js</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Due to the speed and efficient reactivity model, Solid.js is getting more attention while being relatively new. Like Svelte, it uses a compiler to create smaller bundles and faster code. However, instead of using compile-time reactivity like Svelte, Solid.js uses runtime reactivity to dynamically track and update dependencies during execution. This enables it to update only the necessary parts of the DOM directly, skipping the virtual DOM entirely.</p>
<p dir="ltr">This runtime reactivity gives Solid.js an edge over Svelte in handling real-time changes and dynamic, interactive applications. Its JSX-based syntax and React-inspired API make it easy for developers to learn and use, while its lightweight design is suitable for building fast, modern web applications.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/solid_logo_b0180629eb.webp" alt="Solid.js" width="421" height="220">
<figcaption>Solid.js</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Tailwind</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Due to utility-first design, <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/tailwind-css-react">Tailwind CSS</a> will be a must-have tool for frontend developers in 2025. You can use simple, ready-made classes like <code>bg-blue-500</code> or <code>p-4</code> directly in your HTML to build and style your websites faster and easier compared to writing custom CSS.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Tailwind is incredibly flexible, letting you customize colors, spacing, and typography to match your design needs. Its mobile-first utilities, like <code>sm:p-4</code> or <code>lg:text-xl</code>, make <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/responsive-web-design">creating responsive designs</a> feel effortless.</p>
<p dir="ltr">With its Just-In-Time (JIT) mode generating only the CSS your project needs, Tailwind keeps file sizes small and loading times fast. It&rsquo;s perfect for <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/prototype-model-in-software-engineering">quick prototypes</a>, modern web apps, and scalable design systems.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/tailwind_css_3fbf4f8353.webp" alt="Tailwind CSS" width="436" height="245">
<figcaption>Tailwind CSS</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Vite</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Vite is predicted to be an ideal addition to frontend tech stacks in 2025 thanks to its speed and simplicity. It starts a development server instantly by using native ES Modules in the browser, addressing the limitations of traditional bundlers like Webpack. Hot Module Replacement (HMR) updates changes in real-time, giving developers instant feedback.</p>
<p dir="ltr">For production, Vite uses Rollup to create optimized, fast-loading bundles. It works well with frameworks like React, Vue, Svelte, and Solid.js, so you can use it for various projects. Whether you&rsquo;re building modern web apps, reusable <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-component-library">component libraries</a>, or quick prototypes, Vite&rsquo;s simple setup, rich plugin ecosystem, and developer-friendly experience make it an excellent choice.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/logo_vite_5c15f87912.webp" alt="Vite" width="499" height="172">
<figcaption>Vite</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Next.js</h3>
<p dir="ltr">It's irrefutable that Next.js is a favorite for building fast, scalable, and SEO-friendly web apps. It combines server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG), and client-side rendering (CSR), which is flexible for different use cases.</p>
<p dir="ltr">With edge-ready features, built-in routing, and API routes, Next.js simplifies both frontend and backend development. It optimizes performance with automatic image handling, caching, and incremental static regeneration (ISR). Seamless TypeScript support and compatibility with tools like Tailwind CSS make it even easier to use.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/nextjs-ecommerce-optimization-for-better-seo-and-performance">Next.js is suitable for e-commerce</a>, content-driven sites, and scalable web apps because it is fast, flexible, and efficient.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/nextjs_1b2cc05e47.webp" alt="Next.js" width="469" height="281">
<figcaption>Next.js</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Three.js</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Three.js is a top choice for creating 3D graphics and animations on the web. With an easy-to-use API for objects, lighting, and camera controls, it makes rendering complex 3D scenes faster and easier.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Three.js has plenty of tools and plugins available, so you can easily add advanced effects like particle systems, physics, and post-processing to your projects. It works well on all current browsers and devices and even supports <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/ar-vr-app-development">VR and AR</a> via WebXR.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Three.js can easily and flexibly bring your 3D ideas to life in interactive websites, games, or simulations.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/three_js_90cf1eea70.webp" alt="Three.js" width="481" height="320">
<figcaption>Three.js</figcaption>
</figure>
<p dir="ltr"><em>&gt;&gt; Read more: Top 9 Best <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-animation-libraries">React Animation Libraries</a> for Web Developers</em></p>
<h3 dir="ltr">Gatsby.js</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Gatsby.js is a React-based framework that helps you build fast, secure, and powerful websites. It&rsquo;s free and open-source, making it easy for developers to integrate content from sources like CMSs, Markdown files, and APIs into one web app.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Using static site generation (SSG), Gatsby is perfect for blogs, e-commerce sites, and smaller websites with less than 500 pages, especially if they don&rsquo;t need a lot of dynamic content.&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">Gatsby is easy to learn, particularly if you know JavaScript already. Beginners will find it easy to use because it has clear documentation and a helpful community. More experienced coders will like how fast and flexible it is. With these strengths, Gatsby.js is predicted to stay a key tool in frontend development for years ahead.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/gatsby_95d684dcd2.webp" alt="Gatsby" width="415" height="311">
<figcaption>Gatsby</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 dir="ltr">Bootstrap&nbsp;</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Bootstrap is still a favorite for <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/website-development-process">building responsive, mobile-friendly websites</a>. Its 12-column grid system makes designing layouts compatible for all devices easy. Bootstrap also has pre-made components like buttons, modals, and menu bars that help save time during development.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Using Sass-based tools to customize will help you match your project's style and ensure flawless performance on all main browsers. Plus, its clear documentation and large community make learning and troubleshooting simple.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/logo_bootstrap_0a08a5c15b.jpg" alt="Bootstrap" width="464" height="203">
<figcaption>Caption</figcaption>
</figure>
<p dir="ltr">&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<em>Read more: </em><em><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/responsive-website-builder">How To Choose The Best Responsive Website Builder Tool</a>?</em></p>
<h3 dir="ltr">Sass and Less</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Sass and Less are still widely used for managing complex styles in modern web development. Their helpful features like variables, nesting, and mixins keep stylesheets clean and organized. So, developers can write cleaner, more efficient, and maintainable CSS.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Large projects especially benefit from these technologies since they help developers separate styles into reusable parts and scale designs more easily. They also work well with modern tools like Webpack and Vite.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Though utility-first CSS frameworks like Tailwind CSS are more popular, Sass and Less remain favorites for their flexibility and ability to handle custom, component-based designs.</p>
<figure class="image align-center"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/sass_less_52a61023c5.jpg" alt="Saas and Less" width="544" height="196">
<figcaption>Saas and Less</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 dir="ltr">8 Frontend Development Trends in 2025</h2>
<p dir="ltr">Here are some key trends shaping the frontend development landscape in 205:</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">Component-based Architecture</h3>
<p dir="ltr">A leading trend in front-end development is component-based architecture, which changes how modern web apps are built. It breaks the user interface into smaller, reusable components like buttons and forms.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Reusing components keeps the code organized and reduces repetitive work. Because each component can be built and tested separately, teams can get more done in less time. Usually, this approach makes use of React, Vue.js, and Angular frameworks.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Component-based architecture helps the development process to be simpler, and apps to be maintained and scaled easily. It&rsquo;s perfect for dynamic web apps and design systems.</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">Progressive Web Applications (PWAs)</h3>
<p dir="ltr">PWAs bridge the gap between web and native mobile apps. They provide app-like experiences right from your browser, so there&rsquo;s no need to download an app from a store.</p>
<p dir="ltr">PWAs are fast, responsive, and even work offline using service workers. They boost user engagement with features like push notifications and the option to install them directly on the home screen, just like a native app.</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">Micro Frontends</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Micro frontends break large applications into smaller, independent modules that work together seamlessly. More and more projects apply this approach because it makes apps easier to scale and allows development teams to work on different sections at the same time, cutting down on delays.</p>
<p dir="ltr">For example, micro frontends are often used in <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/tips-for-successful-e-commerce-website-design">E-commerce platforms</a> to separately handle different features (e.g., checkout, product catalogs, and user dashboards). The overall app is thus more flexible and manageable.</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">Headless CMS</h3>
<p dir="ltr">A headless CMS decouples <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/custom-cms-development">the content management system (CMS)</a> (backend) from the frontend. Frontend developers can freely design and share content across various platforms. Via APIs, you can fetch content from a single CMS and display it on websites, mobile apps, or even IoT devices. Some leading headless CMS platforms are&nbsp; Contentful, Strapi, and Sanity.</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">AI Integration</h3>
<p dir="ltr">AI is used in front-end development to personalize and automate user experiences. <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/ai-development-tools">AI-driven tools</a> can make user interfaces smarter and more personalized. For example:</p>
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">The AI features in Figma help designers build layouts faster and more efficiently.</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation"><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/best-free-ai-chatbot">Chatbots use AI</a> to improve user interactions and support.</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">AI-driven recommendations (e.g., content, products) are personalized to engage users.</li>
</ul>
<h3 dir="ltr">Static Site Generation (SSG)</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Static site generators help developers create performant websites that are easy to deploy and maintain. By generating static HTML during build time, SSG eliminates the need for server-side rendering on every request. Its key benefits include faster load times, improved security, and lower server costs. Gatsby.js and Next.js are leading tools in this space.</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">Component Libraries and Design Systems</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Component libraries and design systems are becoming essential for front-end development. They make it easy to keep an app&rsquo;s design consistent while speeding up the development process.&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">Developers can reuse pre-built components, which saves them time and makes codebases easier to manage. Popular libraries are Material-UI and Ant Design, and design systems are IBM&rsquo;s Carbon Design System and Lightning Design System.</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">Monorepo</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Monorepo structures combine multiple projects into a single repository, making managing dependencies and collaborating across teams easier. This setup helps developers reuse code and keep related projects consistent. Nx, Turborepo, Lerna, Bazel, and Rush are all well-known tools for handling single repositories.</p>
<h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h2>
<p dir="ltr">With new technologies and development trends, front-end development is ready for greater innovation in 2025. Developers will have more tools and opportunities than ever to create fast, scalable applications. As the web changes all the time, developers need to keep up with it and use new frontend technologies to make experiences more modern and user-centered.</p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><em>&gt;&gt;&gt; Follow and Contact <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/">Relia Software</a> for more information!</em></p>

<p>React, Vue.js, Angular, Svelte, Solid.js, Tailwind, Vite, Next.js, Three.js, Gatsby.js, Bootstrap, Sass and Less are 12 popular frontend technologies.</p>

Top Frontend Technologies and Development Trends in 2025 | Relia Software

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12 Frontend Technologies and 8 Development Trends in 2025

<p>ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability&mdash;the fundamental properties that ensure reliable and consistent processing of database transactions.</p>

A Complete Guide to ACID Properties in DBMS with Examples | Relia Software

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A Complete Guide to ACID Properties in DBMS with Examples

<p>As your React application grows, ensuring that every component, hook, and API call works seamlessly becomes crucial. Enter <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/what-is-unit-testing">unit testing</a>&mdash;your first line of defense against unexpected bugs and performance issues. Whether you're testing a component's UI rendering or verifying complex custom hooks with Jest, mastering these React unit testing best practices will boost your application's stability and scalability.</p>
<p>In this guide, we will focus on how to unit test React components, custom hooks, and API fetch calls, along with snapshot testing for renderers. These techniques will help you build robust tests that keep your code clean and prevent bugs from sneaking into production.</p>
<p>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<em>Read more: </em></p>
<ul>
<li><em>Mastering&nbsp;<a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-test-renderer">React Test Renderer for Streamlined Testing</a></em></li>
<li><em>Mastering <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-context-api">React Context API for Streamlined Data Sharing</a></em></li>
<li><em>Demystifying <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-redux">React Redux for Centralized State Management</a></em></li>
</ul>
<h2>Why Unit Testing Matters in React Development?</h2>
<p><strong>Key benefits of unit testing React applications:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Early detection of bugs:</strong> Unit tests allow you to catch issues in <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-component-library">React components</a> and custom hooks early in <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/software-development-life-cycle-sdlc">the development cycle</a> before they affect users.</li>
<li><strong>Maintainable codebase:</strong> By adding tests, you safeguard your project from regressions during refactoring code or adding new features.</li>
<li><strong>Confidence in refactoring:</strong> Well-tested code makes it easier to update React components and custom hooks without the fear of breaking functionality.</li>
<li><strong>Scalability of testing</strong>: As projects grow, unit testing scales by isolating components, ensuring each part functions independently, which keeps the system modular and easier to maintain.</li>
</ul>
<p>When working on a React project, especially one that scales with multiple components, hooks, and APIs, unit tests become critical. They help maintain the quality of your application by ensuring that new features or bug fixes don't introduce regressions.</p>
<h2>Setting Up React Unit Tests for React Applications</h2>
<h3>Installing Jest and React Testing Library</h3>
<p>To begin unit testing in React, install Jest and React Testing Library to run tests and simulate user interactions efficiently.</p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>npm install --save-dev jest @testing-library/react
</code></pre>
<p>Update the <code><span class="notion-enable-hover" spellcheck="false" data-token-index="1">package.json</span></code> to include a test script:</p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>"scripts": {
  "test": "jest"
}
</code></pre>
<p>With this configuration, you&rsquo;re now set to write and run tests for your React components, hooks, and API fetch calls, ensuring all parts of your application work as expected.</p>
<h3>Organizing Test Files in Your React Project</h3>
<p>To keep your tests organized and maintainable, store them close to the code they test. This structure makes it easier to locate and maintain both your code and tests.</p>
<p><strong>Example folder structure</strong>:</p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>src/
  components/
    Button.js
    Button.test.js
</code></pre>
<p>For larger projects, consider grouping tests by feature or using a dedicated <code>tests/</code> directory for better scalability. Keeping tests accessible and aligned with your code structure ensures that your project remains easy to manage as it grows.</p>
<h2>Unit Testing for React Components</h2>
<p>When testing&nbsp;<span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="1">React components</span>, focus on <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="3">what the user sees</span> rather than internal logic. Tests should verify how a component behaves based on <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="5">props</span>, <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="7">state</span>, and user interactions, rather than how the component is implemented internally.</p>
<p><strong>Example: Testing Component UI and Props</strong></p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
import MyComponent from './MyComponent';

test('renders component with correct text', () =&gt; {
  render(&lt;MyComponent text="Hello World" /&gt;);
  expect(screen.getByText(/Hello World/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
});
</code></pre>
<p>This test ensures that the component renders the expected output based on its props. By focusing on the <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="1">rendered UI</span>, you ensure that your test will remain stable even if internal logic changes.</p>
<h2>Unit Testing for&nbsp;React&nbsp;Hooks</h2>
<p>Hooks often drive the business logic of React components, making them critical to test. If your hook&rsquo;s logic is independent of the component, it&rsquo;s better to test it directly using Jest and React Testing Library&rsquo;s <code>renderHook</code> from its hooks testing extension.</p>
<p><strong>Example: Testing Custom Hook Logic</strong></p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>import { renderHook, act } from '@testing-library/react-hooks';
import { useMyCustomHook } from './useMyCustomHook';

test('should increment value', () =&gt; {
  const { result } = renderHook(() =&gt; useMyCustomHook());
  act(() =&gt; {
    result.current.increment();
  });
  expect(result.current.count).toBe(1);
});
</code></pre>
<p>In this case, we&rsquo;re testing a custom hook that increments a counter. The <span class="notion-enable-hover" spellcheck="false" data-token-index="1">act</span> function ensures that state changes are applied immediately, allowing us to verify the logic synchronously.</p>
<p>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<em>Read more: </em><em>Mastering <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/asynchronous-testing-with-react-testing-library">Asynchronous Testing with React Testing Library</a></em></p>
<p><strong><span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="0">Mermaid Decision Tree</span>:</strong></p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>graph TD
    A[Do You Need to Test Hook Behavior?]
    A --&gt;|Yes| B[Is Hook Logic Independent?]
    A --&gt;|No| E[Test Component Behavior]
    B --&gt;|Yes| C["Test Hook Directly (renderHook)"]
    B --&gt;|No| D[Test via Component]
</code></pre>
<figure class="image align-center"><img src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/mermaid_decision_tree_545af71f47.webp" alt="Diagram for Deciding When to Test Hooks Directly" width="748" height="407">
<figcaption>Diagram for Deciding When to Test Hooks Directly</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2>Mocking Fetch Calls in React Unit Tests</h2>
<p>Many React applications rely on <strong>API fetch calls</strong> to display dynamic data. Mocking these API calls is essential for keeping your tests fast, reliable, and independent of external services.</p>
<div class="dark bg-gray-950 contain-inline-size rounded-md border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative">
<div class="flex items-center text-token-text-secondary bg-token-main-surface-secondary px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between rounded-t-md h-9">
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>jest.mock('./api', () =&gt; ({
  fetchData: jest.fn(() =&gt; Promise.resolve({ data: 'mockData' }))
}));
</code></pre>
<p>By mocking the API with Jest, you ensure that your tests aren&rsquo;t affected by network conditions or external data changes. You can simulate different responses to test how your component handles both success and failure scenarios.</p>
<h2>Snapshot Testing for Component Renderers</h2>
Snapshot testing is particularly useful for verifying the UI output of a <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="1">React component</span> at a given point in time. <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="3">Snapshots</span> compare the current rendered output with a saved version to ensure no unexpected changes occur.</div>
<div class="flex items-center text-token-text-secondary bg-token-main-surface-secondary px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between rounded-t-md h-9">
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
import MyComponent from './MyComponent';

test('renders component correctly', () =&gt; {
  const { asFragment } = render(&lt;MyComponent /&gt;);
  expect(asFragment()).toMatchSnapshot();
});
</code></pre>
<p>Snapshots are ideal for static components where the output is consistent across renders. However, use snapshots cautiously for dynamic or frequently updated UI components, as changes to props or data may make snapshots more difficult to maintain.</p>
<h2>Ensuring Coverage and Performance of React Unit Testing with Jest</h2>
<h3>Test Coverage in Jest</h3>
<p>Jest provides built-in tools to measure test coverage, ensuring your unit tests cover critical parts of your React application. Coverage metrics include statements, branches, functions, and lines, offering a detailed view of which areas of your code are tested.</p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>jest --coverage
</code></pre>
<h3>Balancing Test Speed and Depth</h3>
<p>As your application grows, it's essential to balance comprehensive testing with performance. Increasing test depth&mdash;covering more edge cases&mdash;can slow down execution. The solution is to mock expensive operations (like API calls or database interactions) while ensuring core logic is thoroughly tested. This approach helps maintain fast test execution without sacrificing test quality.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="image"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://api.reliasoftware.com/uploads/speed_depth_tradeoff_4455a2657b.webp" alt="Trade-Off Between Test Speed and Depth" width="750" height="536">
<figcaption>Trade-Off Between Test Speed and Depth</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p>React unit testing with Jest and React Testing Library is crucial for ensuring the stability and scalability of your application. By focusing on testing components, hooks, API fetch calls, and rendered UI, you build a foundation for a robust and reliable codebase. Mocking API calls helps keep your tests efficient, while snapshot testing ensures UI consistency over time.</p>
<p>Start small and scale your testing strategy as your application grows. Consistency is key&mdash;regularly writing and maintaining tests will help ensure long-term code quality and reliability in your <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-project-ideas">React projects</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><em>&gt;&gt;&gt; Follow and Contact&nbsp;<a href="https://reliasoftware.com/">Relia Software</a>&nbsp;for more information</em></p>

<p>Learn how to implement React unit testing using Jest and React Testing Library. Master best practices for testing components, custom hooks, API calls, and snapshots.</p>

Implement React Unit Testing with Jest and React Testing Library | Relia Software

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Implement React Unit Testing with Jest and React Testing Library

<p>Learn how to implement Clean Architecture in Golang by breaking down each layer&mdash;Entities, Use Cases, Interface Adapters, and Frameworks&mdash;using practical code examples.</p>

How to Implement Clean Architecture in Golang? Code Examples | Relia Software

How to Implement Clean Architecture in Golang? Code Examples

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[Hands-on Guide] How to Implement Clean Architecture in Golang?

<p>Performance is a critical factor for e-commerce websites. Studies show that even a 1-second delay in page load time can lead to a 7% drop in conversions. Moreover, search engines like Google prioritize page speed in their ranking algorithms, making it essential to optimize both performance and SEO to stay competitive.</p>
<p>With <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/what-is-next-js">Next.js, a powerful React framework</a> designed for Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR), <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-server-side-rendering-best-practices">Server-Side Rendering (SSR)</a>,&nbsp;and Static Site Generation (SSG), developers have access to powerful tools that enable them to optimize performance without compromising SEO. This guide delves into <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/performance-optimization-in-react">advanced optimization techniques</a> for Next.js, specifically tailored to the dynamic nature of e-commerce. The focus will be on efficiently handling frequently changing elements such as prices, promotions, and large-scale campaigns.</p>
<p>By the end of this article, you&rsquo;ll gain actionable strategies to significantly enhance performance, boost user experience, and scale seamlessly for high-traffic e-commerce platforms.</p>
<h2>Why is Next.js Good for E-commerce Optimization?</h2>
<p>Next.js is good for E-commerce optimization because:</p>
<ul>
<li>Next.js provides a great balance by offering both ISR (Incremental Static Regeneration) and SSR (Server-Side Rendering), allowing you to handle real-time data updates and pre-render content efficiently. This flexibility is crucial for <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/tips-for-successful-e-commerce-website-design">e-commerce platforms</a>, where customers expect up-to-date prices and fast load times.</li>
<li>Next.js can statically generate pages and then revalidate them on demand, rather than dynamically regenerating the page with every request. This ensures that pages remain cached and lightweight while still being refreshed frequently enough to ensure data accuracy. In an e-commerce setting, this approach ensures dynamic product pricing, stock availability, and campaigns are always up-to-date without overwhelming your backend infrastructure.</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>Now, let's dive into advanced Next.js optimization strategies in the following sections to explore how you can level-up your e-commerce app for better performance, scalability, and user experience.<br></p>
<h2><strong>Optimizing Dynamic Content with Next.js </strong><strong>ISR</strong></h2>
<p>Managing dynamic content such as pricing, inventory, and promotions in e-commerce requires instant updates to keep information accurate and conversions high.&nbsp;Next.js offers Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR) as an effective solution for optimizing this dynamic content.</p>
<h3>Using ISR for Dynamic Pricing and Discounts</h3>
<p><span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="0">ISR</span> allows you to serve <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="2">pre-rendered static content</span> while updating it at specific intervals. This is crucial for handling dynamic pricing and time-sensitive promotions, as it balances performance with up-to-date information. ISR makes it possible to <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="4">generate pages once</span> and then keep them updated <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="6">without sacrificing speed</span>. This is particularly useful for frequently changing data such as <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="8">daily or hourly pricing updates</span>.</p>
<p><strong>Example: Black Friday Pricing Optimization</strong></p>
<p>Imagine you&rsquo;re running a Black Friday sale, where prices fluctuate every hour. Re-rendering pages for each request would be inefficient and lead to slow load times. Instead, you can use ISR to update the prices once per hour, ensuring that the content is fresh without overwhelming the server.</p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>export async function getStaticProps() {
  const productData = await fetchProductData();

  return {
    props: {
      productData
    },
    revalidate: 3600, // Regenerate every hour (3600 seconds)
  };
}
</code></pre>
<p>By setting a revalidation interval of one hour, your e-commerce platform can deliver fast page loads with updated pricing, striking a balance between real-time updates and performance optimization.</p>
<p>You can choose to revalidate more or less frequently depending on how often your prices change.&nbsp;For smaller e-commerce sites with fewer products or less frequent updates, you can set longer revalidation periods, such as every 6 or 12 hours. Larger platforms that experience constant updates or have global inventory systems can revalidate more often, ensuring up-to-the-minute accuracy without sacrificing scalability.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Pro Tip: </strong>Use ISR for other frequently changing data such as discount codes and limited-time offers to keep your content fresh while reducing server load.</p>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
<h3>Optimizing Large Campaigns with ISR</h3>
<p>Large campaigns, especially ones like seasonal promotions or product launches, introduce another layer of complexity. Not only do you need to manage dynamic content, but you also have to handle sudden traffic spikes. If your pages are not optimized, these traffic surges can result in slow page loads, or worse, downtime.</p>
<p>Here&rsquo;s how Next.js can help you handle these large campaigns efficiently:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pre-render with ISR for Set-Time Promotions</strong>: For promotions that run on a fixed schedule (e.g., 24-hour flash sales), pre-render pages using ISR to reduce the need for constant re-renders, even during peak traffic.</li>
<li><strong>Leverage SSR for Real-Time Data</strong>: For promotions that require up-to-the-minute updates, use getServerSideProps to fetch real-time data such as stock availability or live discounts, ensuring that customers always see accurate and updated information.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Managing High-Traffic Promotions with Edge Caching</h2>
<p>Edge caching distributes content across servers closer to the user, reducing the load on the origin server and improving the time-to-first-byte (TTFB). This is especially useful for region-specific promotions, where offers or discounts may vary by location.</p>
<p>By caching both static assets and API responses at globally distributed nodes, edge caching delivers content faster and with lower latency, providing a smoother experience for users during traffic surges.</p>
<p><strong>Example: Location-Based Flash Sales</strong></p>
<p>Let&rsquo;s say you&rsquo;re running a global flash sale with varying discounts for different regions. Instead of fetching discount data for each request, you can cache it at the edge, ensuring region-specific offers are delivered quickly.</p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';

export function middleware(req) {
  const region = req.geo.country;
  const cacheKey = `discounts_${region}`;

  const cachedDiscount = getCachedDiscount(cacheKey);
  if (cachedDiscount) {
    return NextResponse.json(cachedDiscount);
  }

  const freshDiscount = fetchDiscount(region);
  setCachedDiscount(cacheKey, freshDiscount);

  return NextResponse.json(freshDiscount);
}
</code></pre>
<p>By using <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="1">edge functions</span> to handle location-based content, you improve performance, ensure <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="3">personalized offers</span>, and reduce the load on the server. The closer the cached content is to the user, the faster it loads, providing a <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="5">better user experience</span>, especially in regions with <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="7">high latency</span> or <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="9">network congestion</span>.</p>
<h2>Real-Time Data with getServerSideProps</h2>
<p>While ISR is excellent for handling frequently changing but not real-time content, certain data&mdash;such as stock availability, personalized pricing, or user-specific promotions&mdash;must be updated with each request. In these scenarios, <code>getServerSideProps</code> is ideal because it fetches the latest data at request time, ensuring users always receive up-to-date content.</p>
<p>Fetching real-time data for every request can strain your server, especially when working with multiple APIs. One way to optimize performance is by aggregating API calls to reduce the number of network requests.</p>
<p>By consolidating data from various sources into a single API call, you not only reduce response latency but also improve your site's overall performance. For instance, combining stock data, pricing, and discount offers in one call ensures all relevant information is delivered simultaneously.</p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>async function fetchAggregatedData(productId) {
  const [priceData, stockData, campaignData] = await Promise.all([
    fetchPriceData(productId),
    fetchStockData(productId),
    fetchCampaignData(productId),
  ]);

  return { priceData, stockData, campaignData };
}
</code></pre>
<p>This method reduces the time-to-first-byte (TTFB) and improves overall performance, ensuring that users always get up-to-date content without compromising speed.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Tip</strong>: Use getServerSideProps for data that must always be real-time, such as stock levels or personalized offers. For less critical updates, use ISR or client-side rendering to reduce server load.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>Boosting Next.js SEO for E-commerce with Structured Data</h2>
<p>For e-commerce platforms, <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="1">SEO</span> is critical. <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="3">Next.js SSR</span> can greatly improve how search engines index your site, but you can take this a step further by implementing <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="5">structured data</span> using <a class="notion-link-token notion-focusable-token notion-enable-hover" tabindex="0" href="http://schema.org/" rel="nofollow" data-token-index="7"><span class="link-annotation-unknown-block-id-256853158">schema.org</span></a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Why structured data is important?</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>Structured data allows search engines to display&nbsp;<span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="1">rich snippets</span> for your products, such as <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="3">price</span>, <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="5">availability</span>, and <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="7">reviews</span> directly in the search results. This not only boosts your <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="9">SEO</span> but also improves <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="11">click-through rates</span> by making your products more attractive in search results.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>How to implement structured data for SEO?</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>To implement structured data in your Next.js e-commerce site, use JSON-LD format. Here's an example of structured data for a product with a limited-time discount:</p>
<pre class="language-javascript"><code>{
  "@context": "&lt;https://schema.org/&gt;",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Smartphone X",
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "priceCurrency": "USD",
    "price": "699.99",
    "priceValidUntil": "2024-12-31",
    "availability": "&lt;http://schema.org/InStock&gt;"
  }
}
</code></pre>
<p>This implementation ensures that search engines can crawl and index your product details effectively, providing accurate information to users right from the search engine results page (SERP).</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Leveraging Structured Data for Featured Snippets</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>Adding structured data also increases the likelihood of your products appearing in featured snippets. These include content like reviews, ratings, and discounts, which help boost your product&rsquo;s visibility and further improve your CTR.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>SEO Tip:</strong> Ensure that you include structured data for key elements like prices, discounts, and product availability to enhance both SEO performance and user engagement.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>Optimizing E-commerce Performance with Next.js SSR, ISR, and SSG</h2>
<p>One of the strengths of <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="1">Next.js</span> is its flexibility in combining <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="3">SSR</span>, <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="5">ISR</span>, and <span class="notion-enable-hover" data-token-index="7">SSG</span> to handle different types of data efficiently. Knowing when to use each method is key to achieving the best performance and scalability for your e-commerce site. Here are their specific use cases:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>ISR (Incremental Static Regeneration)</strong>: Ideal for pages that need periodic updates but not real-time data, such as product listings or promotions. ISR allows content to be pre-rendered and updated at specific intervals, striking a balance between performance and data freshness.</li>
<li><strong>SSR (Server-Side Rendering)</strong>: Best suited for real-time data, such as shopping carts, personalized product recommendations, and stock levels. SSR ensures that data is fresh with every user request, making it ideal for situations where content must reflect real-time changes.</li>
<li><strong>SSG (Static Site Generation)</strong>: Perfect for static content that rarely changes, such as FAQs, category pages, or static product descriptions. SSG generates static HTML files at build time, making these pages blazingly fast and perfect for SEO.</li>
</ul>
<p>By combining these methods, you can ensure that your e-commerce site stays fast, scalable, and SEO-friendly no matter the complexity of your data or the traffic volume. For example, use SSR for real-time stock levels, ISR for periodically updated product listings, and SSG for rarely changing static pages.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Pro Tip:</strong> Analyze your data requirements to determine the right mix of SSR, ISR, and SSG. This hybrid approach can help you optimize both performance and scalability across different areas of your site.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;<em>Read more:</em></p>
<ul>
<li><em><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-usememo-vs-usecallback-hooks">useMemo vs useCallback</a>: What is the Difference?</em></li>
<li><em>7 Best <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-state-management-libraries">React State Management Libraries</a> for Any Project Size</em></li>
<li><em><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-form-validation">Custom React Form Validation</a>: Tips, Tricks, and Code Examples</em></li>
<li><em>Demystifying <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-redux">React Redux for Centralized State Management</a></em></li>
<li><em>Mastering <a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-context-api">React Context API for Streamlined Data Sharing</a></em></li>
<li><a href="https://reliasoftware.com/blog/react-suspense"><em>React Suspense for Mastering Asynchronous Data Fetching</em></a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p>By harnessing the full potential of Next.js, you can optimize your e-commerce platform to handle dynamic content like pricing, discounts, and promotions, while ensuring peak performance, scalability, and SEO.</p>
<p>Whether you&rsquo;re using ISR for frequently changing data, getServerSideProps for real-time updates, or edge caching to manage high-traffic campaigns, these powerful techniques will help you build a faster, more scalable e-commerce platform that can handle the demands of even the busiest sales events.</p>
<p>Start by analyzing your site&rsquo;s specific data requirements, applying the right combination of SSR, ISR, and SSG strategies, and watch your platform grow in both performance and customer satisfaction.</p>
<p><strong>Further Reading</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://nextjs.org/docs/basic-features/pages#server-side-rendering" rel="nofollow">Next.js Server-Side Rendering Documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://vercel.com/docs/concepts/edge-network/caching" rel="nofollow">Vercel Edge Caching</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developers.google.com/search/docs/advanced/structured-data/intro" rel="nofollow">Google Structured Data Guidelines</a></li>
<li><a href="https://schema.org/Product" rel="nofollow">Schema.org Product Documentation</a></li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<div id="article_content" class="inner_article__entries__X3PKd">
<p style="text-align: right;"><em>&gt;&gt;&gt; Follow and Contact&nbsp;<a href="https://reliasoftware.com/">Relia Software</a> for more information!</em></p>
</div>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<h3></h3>

<p>Incremental static regeneration, edge caching, getServerSideProps, and structured data are techniques to optimize Next.js eCommerce sites for SEO and performance.</p>

Optimize Next.js E-commerce Sites for Better SEO and Performance | Relia Software

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<p>12 leading web development trends recently include AI and ML integration, PWAs, responsive design, serverless architecture, Jamstack, cybersecurity, etc.</p>

Top 12 Web Development Trends to Watch in 2024  | Relia Software

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Web Development Trends in 2024: Stay Ahead of the Curve 

<p>Relia Software offers premier custom software development services, including web application development, mobile app development, and advanced cloud solutions. Explore how our top services can drive innovation and meet your unique business needs.</p>

Custom Software Development Services & Solutions at Relia Software | Relia Software

Custom Software Development Services at Relia Software

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Custom Software Development Services & Solutions at Relia Software

<p>Relia Software is a decade-long trusted partner, delivering end-to-end services of software development outsourcing for startups, SMBs, SMEs with top-notch solutions.</p>

Software Development Outsourcing for Startups, SMBs, SMEs | Relia Software

Software Development Outsourcing for Startups, SMBs, SMEs

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<p>React Server Actions are a powerful feature allowing developers to handle server-side logic seamlessly within their React components, reducing latency and simplifying the data flow.</p>

Mastering React Server Actions for Optimizing Data Fetching | Relia Software

Mastering React Server Actions for Optimizing Data Fetching

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